Insurgency in Assam is mainly a protest against deportation of illegal migrants from Bangladesh. Since the days of India's partition, a continuous flow of Bangladeshis from across the borders has changed the local demography. The
Bodo tribe initiated a second stream of insurgency on the issues of the dispossession of their land and neglect of the Bodo culture.

United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA):
Year of formation: 1979
Aim: To establish a 'sovereign' Assam through an armed struggle.

National Democratic Front of Bodoland: (NDFB)
Year of formation: 1986
Aim: To secure a 'separate Bodoland' in the northern areas of the Brahmaputra River.

Kamtapur Liberation Organisation: (KLO)
Year of formation: 1995
Aim: A separate Kamtapur state comprising six districts of West Bengal and four districts of Assam.