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Accession of Muhammad-bin-Tughluk

Also see Accession of Akbar , Accession of Shah Jahan

Tughlaq Dynasty

1320			Usurpation of Nasiruddin Khusrav; His Overthrow by Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
1325			Accession of Muhammad bin Tughluq
1328			Mongols invade India
1334			Capture of Anegundi by Muhammad bin Tughluq
1336			Traditional date of the foundation of Vijayanagar
1351			Death of Muhammad bin Tughluq
1388			Accession of Ghiyasuddin Tughluq II
1389			Death of Tughluq II

1325-1351: Muhammad bin Tughlaq

In 1320, Ghazi Tughlaq, the governor of the north-western provinces took the throne under the title Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. In 1325 the Sultan met an accidental death and was succeeded by his son Jauna under the title Muhammad bin Tughlaq. During his reign, the territorial expansion of Delhi Sultanate reached its farthest limits. His empire covered the regions from Peshawar in the north and Madurai in the South, and from Sindh in the west to Assam in the east.

The capital was transfered from Delhi to Devagiri. However, it had to be shifted back within two years as there were no adequate arrangements in the new capital. Muhammad also introduced copper and brass coins as "token coins" and ordered that these coins should be considered at par with the silver and gold coins in value. This resulted in forged coins and as a result token currency was withdrawn. He died in 1351.

1351-1388: Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Firoz Shah, cousin of Muhammad came to throne in 1351. He was not successful and could not control the rebellions which broke out in the different parts of the empire. What he did was to increase the numbers of schools and hospitals. He established new towns like Ferozabad, Fatehbad, Jaunpur, Hissar, Firoza and Firozpur.

Timur's invasion and End of the Sultanate of Delhi

After the death of Firoze Tughlaq, there were civil wars. Nasiruddin Muhammad (1394-1412) was the last of the Tughlaq Sultans. During his reign, in 1398, the Mongol ruler Timur invaded India. Muhammad fled and Timur captured the city. Thousands of people were killed. After fifteen days, Timur returned to Samarkhand carrying away a large booty with him. Muhammad Tughlaq re-occupied Delhi.

After his death in 1414, Khizi Khan Sayyid occupied the throne. Sayyid was succeeded by the Lodis. Ibrahim Lodi was the last Sultan of Delhi. Finally Babar, the ruler of Kabul-Kandhahar, invaded India in 1526, defeated Ibrahim at the first battle of Panipat and established the rule of Mughals in India. And thus ended the Sultanate of Delhi.

Do you Know?

The reign of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq as Sultan of Delhi from 1325-1351 was dogged by constant controversy. Tughlaq was suspected of having murdered his father to gain the throne and though a deeply learned man, Tughlaq lacked practical knowledge. His experiments with taxation and issue of token currency ended in total failure and his decree to force a migration from Delhi to Daulatabad left hundreds dead. His plans to extend the Empire were unsuccessful and as rebellions grew, Tughlaq ordered indiscriminate assassinations. Much of the good he effected was overshadowed by these controversies and speculation exists that by the end of his rule, Tughlaq was insane.

Courtesy --- PAVAN KUMAR

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