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The Sayyids and the Lodis
Also see The Adil Shahi Dynasty of Bijapur, Malik Ambar Dynasty

1414-1421 
   Reign of Khizr Khan
20 May 1421 
   Death of Khizr Khan
1451-1489 
   Reign of Buhlul Khan Lodi
1489-1517 
   Reign of Sikandar Lodi
21 Nov 1517 
   Death of Sikandar Lodi
1517-1526 
   Reign of Ibrahim Lodi
1526 
   Ibrahim Lodi killed by Babur army
The Sayyids

Reign of Khizr Khan (1414-1421)
The Sayyids and Lodis were the last sultans of Delhi. After the death of Mahmud Tughlaq, the nobles of Delhi acknowledged Daulat Khan Lodi. But he ruled the throne for only a few months. In March 1414, Khizr Khan, governor of Multan made by Timur, marched against Daulat Khan and took possession of Delhi. Daulat Khan became a prisoner and was sent to Hissar Firuza. The dynasty founded by Khizr Khan came to be known as Sayyid Dynasty.

Khizr authority was limited only to few districts around Delhi which were often challenged by the Hindu zamindars. Khizr Khan and his loyal ministers struggled hard during his seven years rule against these disorders. Khizr Khan died on May 20, 1421.

Decline of the Sayyids
After the death of Khizr Khan, his son Mubarak Khan ascended the throne of Delhi. It was during his reign that Yahiya bin Ahmad Sarhindi wrote his book Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi, which is a valuable book for the history of this period. On February 19, 1434, the Sultan became the victim of a conspiracy organised by some Hindus and Muslims nobles under the leadership of the wazir Sarvar-ul-mulk.

After the death of Mubarak Khan, his son Muhammad ascended the throne. But he also became the victim of circumstances. Buhlul Khan Lodi, the governor of Lahore and Sirhind, marched towards Delhi but he failed. The conditions of Sayyids were deteriorating. After the death of Muhammad, his son became the ruler of the shattered kingdom under the title Alauddin Alam Shah. However he was an inefficient ruler and so in 1451, he retired and handed over the power to Buhlul Lodi.

Lodi Dynasty

1451-1489: Reign of Buhlul Khan Lodi
Buhlul Khan Lodi was an Afghan noble. He was a great soldier. When Alam Shah voluntarily abdicated the throne to him, Buhul Khan seized the throne on April 19, 1451 with the support of his minister Hamid Khan. He was the first Afghan ruler of Delhi. Buhlul Khan extended his territories over Gwalior, Jaunpur and upper Uttar Pradesh. He appointed his eldest son Barbak Shah as viceroy of Jaunpur in 1486. Buhlul Khan was confused as to who should succeed him among his sons Barbak Shah and Nizam Shah and grandson Azam-i-Humayun.

1489-1517: Reign of Sikandar Lodi
After Buhlul Khan's death, his second son Nizam Shah was proclaimed the king, under the title of Sultan Sikandar Shah, on July 17, 1489. He made all efforts to strengthen his kingdom. He extended his kingdom from Punjab to Bihar, and also made a treaty with Alauddin Husain Shah of Bengal. He founded a new town in 1504 (where now the modern city of Agra stands) to control the chiefs of Etawab, Biyana, Koli, Gwalior and Dholapur. He was also a good administrator. He was kind to his subjects. He died on November 21 1517.

1517-1526: Reign of Ibrahim
After the death of Sikandar, his son Ibrahim ascended the throne. A faction of the nobility advocated a partition of the kingdom and set up Ibrahim's younger brother Jalal Khan on the throne of Jaunpur. But soon Jalal Khan was assassinated by his brother's men. Ibrahim was not an able ruler. He became more and more strict with the nobles. He used to insult them. Thus, to take revenge of their insults, Daulat Khan Lodi, governor of Lahore and Alam Khan, an uncle of Sultan Ibrahim, invited Babur, the ruler of Kabul, to invade India. Ibrahim Lodi was killed at Panipat in 1526 by the Babur army. Thus came the final collapse of Delhi Sultanate and paved the establishment of new the Turkish rule in India.

Courtesy --- LAKSHMI

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